بررسي مقابله اي ساخت جمله فارسي و انگليسي
بررسي مقابله اي ساخت جمله فارسي و انگليسي
UNIT THREE
Types of Contrastive Studies
Explanation of Less Familiar Terms or Concepts
L1. The language of the learner
L2. The language to be learned
Universal feature: A property claimed to be common for all languages.
System: A network of patterned relationships constituting the organization of language.
3.0. Theoretical CA
Contrastive studies are usually divided into theoretical and applied, each with a tradition of its own (Fisiak, 1973, 1975).
Theoretical Contrastive studies are concerned with spelling out similarities and differences in the structure of two or more languages – i.e., they have as their major objective an adequate description and characterization of similarities and differences.
Formulation of universal features and characteristics of different languages and general language acquisition principles will naturally be the by-products of such studies.
3.1. Applied CA
Applied contrastive studies aim at making use of the theoretical contrastive analysis for some specific purposes, of which language pedagogy and translation are perhaps the most obvious examples.
Theoretical studies, being neutral with respect to applications, are in equal degree interested in similarities and difference while applied studies often concentrate on differences.
The most important contribution of applied linguistic is pedagogical grammar – i.e., language descriptions geared to the demands of teaching