بيان شفاهي داستان( oral reproduction of stories)

بيان شفاهي داستان( oral reproduction of stories)

The Cask of Amontillado

Edgar Allen poe

Summary, analysis, setting, question

Summary

The narrator, Montresor, opens the story by stating that he has been irreparably insulted by his acquaintance, Fortunato, and that he seeks revenge. He wants to exact this revenge, however, in a measured way, without placing himself at risk. He decides to use Fortunato’s fondness for wine against him. During the carnival season, Montresor, wearing a mask of black silk, approaches Fortunato. He tells Fortunato that he has acquired something that could pass for Amontillado, a light Spanish sherry.

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بيان شفاهي داستان( oral reproduction of stories)

بيان شفاهي داستان( oral reproduction of stories)

Stolen Day
Sherwood Anderson

In history there are many tragedies that lie with the bodies of little children. Some are physical diseases and early death incidents. Most adults deny the accusations of these pains that are taking place. Like in the story “Stolen Day” we see a boy who not only has pain within his body but also within his heart.

“Stolen Day” by Sherwood Anderson follows the view of an average teenage boy. There is a

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بيان شفاهي داستان( oral reproduction of stories)

بيان شفاهي داستان( oral reproduction of stories)

The Story - Teller

Saki

This story is "a story within a story." A young man on a train by chance shares his coach with a woman with two children who are bored and fretful. When she is unsuccessful at entertaining them with a conventional and moralistic story, he mentions this, meaning no harm. The woman (actually the aunt of the two children) takes offense, however, and challenges him to try and do

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Translation from English part7

Translation from English part 7

وقتي به سطح  آب رسيدم فهميدم كه من بخشي از جزيره بزرگي هستم كه روي آب شناور بود,ادمها ,تكه پاره هاي هرچيز چنان كنار يكديگر قرار گرفته بودند كه در نگاه اول احساس نميشد كه از يكديگر جدا هستند و آب بين آنها ست .مسافران ,قايقها ,قفس هاي بوقلمون ,صندليها ,بلمها وتخته هاي چوب  ;خدا ميداند چه چيزهاي ديگري شانه به شانه يكديگر روي آب شناور بودند .مردي سفيد پوست با سبيلهاي زرد خودش را به انتهاي ديگر تخته اي كه من خودم را با ان نگه داشته بودم  رساند وتخته چوب را چسبيد .

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Translation from English part 5

Translation from English part 5

به نظر می رسد كه ميل به داشتن مجموعه اي از چيزها بين همه افراد عموميت دارد. يكی از جالب ترين اين موارد كه من شخصاٌ با آن برخورد داشتم مردي بود كه وسايل تزئينی روستايی جمع آوري می كرد؛ از آن وسايل تزئينی عجيب و جالب و گاهي زشت كه هنوز بر روي طاقچه خانه هاي روستايي به چشم مي خورد،شكل هايي بي فرم با رنگ هاي روشن و از اشيائي مانند سگ هاي نژاد پشمالو با قلاده طلا كاري شده دور گردنش گرفته تا پيكره هاي كاملاٌ چوبي.

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Translation from English part 3

Translation from English part 3

همسرآقاي  لسلي ما سون  زني  زيبا  بوده و هست .زني ميانسال ,كماكان دلربا .قد بلند همچون همسرش ,با چشماني آبي و موهاي صاف قهوه اي با رگه هاي خاكستري. او تقريبا چاق بود  اما بلندي قدش وي را قادر مي ساخت تا عليرغم چاقي با وقار به نظر آيد  بطوريكه رژيم غذائي منظم مانع از اين مي شد كه چاقي وي را آزار دهد  .او پيشاني بلند چهره اي دل گشا و تبسمي محجوب بر لب داشت .او لباسهايش را از پاريس البته نه از آن دوزندگان مد گرا, بلكه از زن جوانی در گوشه خيابان خريداري مي كرد  ,با اين حال هيچگاه موفق نشد چيزي غير از انگليسي بودن به نظر آيد

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Compensation

Compensation

Ever since I was a boy I have wished to write a discourse on Compensation; for it seemed to me when very young that on this subject Life was ahead of theology and the people knew more than the preachers taught. The documents too from which the be doctrine is to drawn, charmed my fancy by their endless variety, and lay always before me, even in sleep; for they are the tools in our hands, the bread in our basket, the transactions of the street, the farm and the dwelling-house; the greetings, the relations, the debts and credits, the influence of character, the nature and endowment of all men. It seemed to me also that in it might be shown men a ray of divinity, the present action of the Soul of this world, clean from all vestige of tradition; and so the heart of man might be bathed by an inundation of eternal love, conversing with that which he knows was always and always must be, because it really is now

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گر "ایران زمین" "بختیاری" نداشت

 گر "ایران زمین" "بختیاری" نداشت

برآنم که از بخت یاری نداشت

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IDIOM

  IDIOM

everyone was rolling of laugh.همه ما از خنده روده بر شدیم.

ride double.دروغ شاخدار

go easy on that .بیخیال- سخت نگیر

God rest you.gentlemen!خدانگهدار آقایان

Give someone lip service. شیر کردن کسی با حرف .

GET off my bag.دست از سرم بردار .

to be all eyes.چهار چشمی پاییدن .

go fly a kite. برو پی کارت .

got the world by the tail. دنیا به کامش است .

grin and bear it.بسازو بسوز

he wouldn t harm a fly.آزارش به یک مورچه هم نمی رسد.

HUSH MONEY حق السکوت 

HAND IN GLOVE .دست به یکی شدن 

HOT NEWS.اخبار دست اول

HOLD THE FLOOR .مجال صحبت به دیگران ندادن 

SICK-LEAVE مرخصی استعلاجی 

DONT FROWN AT ME.به من اخم نکن 

STAND FIRM سر حرفت بایست 

A DROP OF KINDNESS.یک ذره محبت

HIT THE LINE.شجاعت به خرج بده

 

THANKS. YOU DID YOUR BEST.متشکرم .سنگ تمام گذاشتی 

IF YOU HAVE TIME. DROP BY TODAY.اگر امروز وقت داری یک سری به ما بزن

ROUND THE CLOCK شبانه روزی -24 ساعته

SHE KEPT HER PROMISE . او خوش قولی کرد .

I AM REALY BEAT . واقعا خسته و کوفته هستم 

HE IS A POSY GUY.او ادم افاده ای است.10 نظر

he is the man behind the curtain.

او ادم اب زیر کاهی است

in the middle of nowhere, در ناکجا اباد

she was delirious. او پرت و پلا میگفت

i could eat a horse.خیلی گرسنه هستم

no offence. گله ای ندارم

thanks for the input. از ان توصیه متشکرم

dont bargain.چانه بی چانه

she is a rubber neck . او خیلی فضول است.

off the cuffفی البداهه در استین داشتن

do it or else .هر چی دیدی از چشم خودت دیدی!

i have my doubts. چشمم آب نمیخورد.

i dont feel like it . حالش را ندارم

eleventh hour.دقیقه نود. آخرین لحظه

it has seen better days.دیگر از رونق افتاده

dont show off پز نده

faır and square بیشیله پیله

leave ıt to me خیالتان راحت باشد. ان را به عهده من بگذارید .

you can keep ıt  مال خودتان -پیش خودتان باشد .

she burst ınto tears  بغضش ترکید .

ı dont care . به من چه - من که اهمیت نمیدهم

good appetıte . نوش جان

ıt made my blood run cold . مرا زهره ترک کرد .

ı dont fancy ıt. باب طبعم نیست

am ı dısturbıng you؟ ایا مزاحمتان هستم

quick tempered. آدم جوشی- آدم عصبی

out af date  . از مد افتاده-منسوخ

look the other way .خود را به کوچه علی چ زدن

he is very stubborn.او ادم سمجی است

jumble- sale.حراجی خرت و پرت

in other hand. به عبارت دیگر -  از طرف دیگر

hot air .باد هوا حرف مفت

go through fire and water .به اب و اتش زدن

from cover to cover. از اول تا اخر

it is a deal.قبول است

come rain or shine.حتی اگر از اسمان سنگ ببارد

answer back.زبان درازی کردن

black art .جادو جنبل کردن

give her a big hand .به افتخارش دست محکمی بزنید

he is a well wisher.او ادم خیرخواهی است.

good luck to you.خدا به همراهتان

it s just as much my business as yours .همان قدر که به تو ارتباط دارد به من هم

دارد.

he is a good neighborman.او ادم مهربانی است.

trying every situation may bring a solution.از این ستون به ان ستون فرج است.

give it another try.یک دفعه دیگر هم تلاشت را بکن.

give to him hot.پدر کسی را در اوردن

behave yourself.مودب باش

why do you make such a big deal out of this?چرا موضوع را اینقدر بزرگش میکنی؟

he woke up on the wrong side of the bed today.او امروز سرحال نیست.

they take it for granted.انها خیلی متوقع شده اند. ( از کار انجام شده قدر دانی

نمیکنند.)

he was found guilty of the charge.او گناهکار شناخته شد.

 be alert:حواست جمع باشد

dont speak ill of him :از او بدگویی نکن

he did it to save his face:برای حفظ آبرویش این کار راکرد

she told him the (bitter) truth.اب پاکی را روی دستش ریخت

dont show your teeth.تهدید نکن

stop being so nosy.این قدر فضولی (دخالت )نکن

this might get you in to trouble .:این ممکن است باعث دردسرت بشود.

thats my last offer.take it or leave it .این آخرین پیشنهاد من است .میخواهی بخواه

.میخواهی نخواه.

dont show off.خودنمایی نکن

it s driving me mad!دارد مرا دیوانه میکند!

too much for an effort.دنبال یک لقمه نان میدویم.

i was starved.من خیلی گرسنه بودم

spring it! زود باش بگو !

you are overreacting.بیجهت خودتان را ناراحت میکنید

hear me out first.اول گوش کن ببین چه میگویم

dont fall for him.گول حرفهایش را نخور

cross as two sticks.مثل برج زهرمار

away with me بزن به چاک -برو پی کارت

zip up your lip.هیچی نگو-زیپ دهانت را بکش

whats up?چه خبر؟

watch your tongue.مواظب حرف زدنت باش

i got a back.جا خوردم

he is a narrow minded guy.او ادم کوته فکری است.

he is a real bonehead.او خیلی احمق است- او کله پوک است.

he is a concited guy.او ادم خودخواهی است.

read between the line.موشکافانه با مسائل برخورد کردن

she wouldnt life a hand against a fly.آزارش به مورچه هم نمیرسد

stop hemming and hawing around.اینقدر من و من نکن

head someone off.کسی را معطل کردن

i cant answer that out of hand.بدون مشورت نمیتوانم به آن جواب بدهم.

play politics.مصلحتی عمل کردن- برخورد مصلحتی داشتن

give someone a punch on.با مشت کسی را زدن.

that is that.همین و بس

be all to the good.همان بهتر که این طور شد.

in a mad rush .هول هولکی-با عجله

but someone spilled the beans.اما یک نفر خبرها را زودتر لو داد.

jump the gun.شتاب زده شدن-دستپاچه شدن

he really turned me off.او واقعا مرا منزجر کرد.

whats been eating you lately?اخیرا چی شما را غمگین و اذیت میکند؟

he was warned that his job was on the line.به او هشدار داده شد که شغلش در خطر

است.

feel like a million dollars.احساس خیلی خوب و عالی داشتن

he was able to hang on.او توانست استقامت کند.

its very difficult to make ends meet.پرداخت هزینه ها خیلی سخت است.

dont die on me.مرا سر کار نگذاری.

flying away.بزن به چاک- برو پی کارت.

dont drag me into this.پای مرا وسط نکش

he is a trouble maker.او دردسر ساز است.

a hectic life. یک زندگی پر مشغله

a slip of the tongue. اشتباه لپی

act your age.خجالت دارد تو بزرگ شدی

are you out of mind? مگر عقلت را از دست دادی؟

as you please.هر طور راحتی.

become free of danger.چه باور کنی .چه نکنی

belive it or not.چه باور کنی .چه نکنی.

better late than never .بهتر است دیر بشود تا اصلا نشود.

bite your tongue.زبانت را گاز بگیر.

button your lip.دیگر حرف نزن

by any chance.بر حسب اتفاق

can i count on you?می تونم رویت حساب کنم ؟

he ducked out of the responsibility.او از زیر بار مسولیت شانه خالی کرد.

live and learn.زگهواره تا گور دانش بجوی.

get away with murder.جان سالم به در بردن

a bad apple.یک سیب بد.(بز گر گله را گر میکند.)

i m done. دیگر کارم تمام است-بیچاره شدم.

eat your heart out.دلت بسوزد.

dont walk out on me.مرا سر کار نگذاری

dont put yourself through hell.به خودت فشار نیار.

dont loose your hair.دست و پایت را گم نکن

dont loose your head.عقلت را از دست نده.

dont make an idiot out of your self.خودت را ضایع نکن.

dont make it sound like a big deal.زیاد قضیه را بزرگ نکن

 

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English phonetics and phonology (Peter Roach)

English phonetics and phonology (Peter Roach)

9 Strong and weak syllables

When we compare weak syllables with strong, syllables, we find the vowel in a weak syllable tends to be shorter, of lower intensity and different in quality.

Any strong syllable will have as its peak one of the vowel phonemes (or possibly a triphthong) listed in chapter 3, but not ə, i or u

It the vowel is short, then the strong syllable will always have a coda as well

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English phonetics and phonology (Peter Roach)

English phonetics and phonology (Peter Roach)

8 The syllable

Phonetically syllables are usually described as consisting of a centre which has little or no obstruction to airflow and which sounds comparatively loud;

before and after this centre there will be greater obstruction to airflow and/or less loud sound.

i) What we might call a minimum syllable would be a single vowel in isolation

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English phonetics and phonology (Peter Roach)

English phonetics and phonology (Peter Roach)

7 Nasals and other consonants

7.1 Nasals

The basic characteristic of a nasal consonant is that the air escapes through the nose.

We will now look at some ways in

which the distribution of ŋ is usual.

i) In initial position we find m and n occurring freely, but ŋ never occurs in this position.

ii) Medially, ŋ occurs quite frequently

iii) A third way in which the distribution

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بيان شفاهي داستان( oral reproduction of stories)

بيان شفاهي داستان( oral reproduction of stories)

Rescue at sea

First Mate Robert Bruce finds a stranger at the Captain’s cabin. When he brings the captain to his cabin, he notices that someone has written in the slate,"Steer to the nor’ west." The captain changes course as the message has instructed.  Shortly, they see that a sailing ship bound from Quebec is a wreck. They rescue the passengers, one of whom appears to be the same man whom the mate had seen in the captain's cabin. The captain of the wreck ship informs them that the man has dreamed that he has been on board of the barque that was coming to their rescue.

Theme: sometimes providence unconsciously persuades us to do something that we don’t think about him

بيان شفاهي داستان( oral reproduction of stories)

بيان شفاهي داستان( oral reproduction of stories)

The Doll’s house

Major theme

the school is portrayed as a melting pot or mixing of all social classes, and the Kelveys as the lowest of the social classes. The other children are discouraged from talking to them; they are outcasts.

Summary:   An outline of the events portrayed in Katherine Mansfield's short story "The Doll's House," a satire about the two different worlds of adults and children and how they are separated from each other

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بيان شفاهي داستان( oral reproduction of stories)

بيان شفاهي داستان( oral reproduction of stories)

 The tell-tale heart

Summary of the story, theme, setting and ….

"True!--nervous--very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad? The disease had sharpened my senses--not destroyed--not dulled them. Above all was the sense of hearing acute. I heard all things in the heavens and in the earth. I heard many things in hell. How, then, am I mad?"

"...Now this is the point. You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing. But you should have seen me. You should have seen how wisely I proceeded--with what caution--with what foresight--with what dissimulation I went to work! I was never kinder to the old man than during the whole week before I killed him."

It is impossible to say how the idea of murdering the old man first entered the mind of the narrator. There was no real motive as stated by the narrator: "Object there was none. Passion there was none. I loved the old man. He had never wronged me....For his gold I had no desire. I think that it was his eye

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اصول و روش ترجمه(Meaning based translation)

اصول و روش ترجمه(Meaning based translation)

اصول و روش ترجمه  Mildred L. Larson

Chapter 12

Person Reference

   The focus of this chapter is to discuss 1) the fact that each language has a unique pronominal system, and 2) the secondary and figurative senses of pronouns. Then implications for translation will be given. 

  The pronouns of a language, which substitute for nouns, form a special semantic set which can usually be analyzed by componential analysis.

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اصول و روش ترجمه(Meaning based translation)

اصول و روش ترجمه(Meaning based translation)

اصول و روش ترجمه  Mildred L. Larson

Chapter 11

Figurative senses of lexical items

Figurative senses of lexical items :

  Metonymy is association between two words, for example instead of saying: The water is boiling “The kettle is boiling”.

Association can be temporal “We are waiting for this day [Independent Day]” or logical “Moses is read everyday”. Synecdoche is part_whole relationship: using roof instead of house.

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اصول و روش ترجمه Mildred L. Larson

اصول و روش ترجمه  Mildred L. Larson

Chapter 10

Multiple Senses of Lexical Items

  The primary sense is the meaning which a word has in isolation and is likely to have reference to a physical situation. Secondary senses are dependent on the context in which the word is used. 

   Persons learning a second language often have a great deal of trouble learning to use a word in its many secondary senses. It is usually much easier to translate the primary sense of a lexical item than a secondary sense.

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اصول و روش ترجمه(Meaning based translation)

اصول و روش ترجمه(Meaning based translation)

اصول و روش ترجمه  Mildred L. Larson

Chapter 9

Mismatching of Lexical Systems between Languages

   One important aspect of the meaning of a word is its reference- the THING, EVENT, or ATTRIBUTE the word refers to.  

   Even though the same THING, EVENTS, and ATTRIBUTE may exist in the referential world, the systems of reference do not match one-to-one across languages. Languages arbitrarily divide the meaning differently.

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اصول و روش ترجمه(Meaning based translation)

اصول و روش ترجمه(Meaning based translation)

اصول و روش ترجمه  Mildred L. Larson

Chapter 8

Discovering Meaning by Grouping and Contrast 

  The meaning of a lexical item can only be discovered by studying that particular item in contrast to other items which are closely related. 

Part- whole relations

  One way in which languages group words is by the relationship known as part- whole. For example, in English, chin cheek, forehead, nose, and ear are part of the body.

Contrastive

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