مرامنامه
استفاده و کپی برداری از تمامی مطالب
وبلاگ بلامانع می باشد، چنانچه مطلب یا
لینک مفیدی دارید که احساس می کنید
می تواند به بهتر شدن این وبلاگ کمک
کند، لطفا آن را در قسمت نظر بدهید درج
نمایید یا به آدرس
skills.share@yahoo.com ایمیل
کنید. چنانچه مایل باشید مطلب ارسال
شده با نام خودتان در وبلاگ منتشر می
شود. ما را از نظرات خود بهرمند سازید.
Translation from English part 7
وقتي به سطح آب رسيدم فهميدم كه من بخشي از جزيره بزرگي هستم كه روي آب شناور بود,ادمها ,تكه پاره هاي هرچيز چنان كنار يكديگر قرار گرفته بودند كه در نگاه اول احساس نميشد كه از يكديگر جدا هستند و آب بين آنها ست .مسافران ,قايقها ,قفس هاي بوقلمون ,صندليها ,بلمها وتخته هاي چوب ;خدا ميداند چه چيزهاي ديگري شانه به شانه يكديگر روي آب شناور بودند .مردي سفيد پوست با سبيلهاي زرد خودش را به انتهاي ديگر تخته اي كه من خودم را با ان نگه داشته بودم رساند وتخته چوب را چسبيد .
Translation from English part 5
به نظر می رسد كه ميل به داشتن مجموعه اي از چيزها بين همه افراد عموميت دارد. يكی از جالب ترين اين موارد كه من شخصاٌ با آن برخورد داشتم مردي بود كه وسايل تزئينی روستايی جمع آوري می كرد؛ از آن وسايل تزئينی عجيب و جالب و گاهي زشت كه هنوز بر روي طاقچه خانه هاي روستايي به چشم مي خورد،شكل هايي بي فرم با رنگ هاي روشن و از اشيائي مانند سگ هاي نژاد پشمالو با قلاده طلا كاري شده دور گردنش گرفته تا پيكره هاي كاملاٌ چوبي.
Translation from English part 3
همسرآقاي لسلي ما سون زني زيبا بوده و هست .زني ميانسال ,كماكان دلربا .قد بلند همچون همسرش ,با چشماني آبي و موهاي صاف قهوه اي با رگه هاي خاكستري. او تقريبا چاق بود اما بلندي قدش وي را قادر مي ساخت تا عليرغم چاقي با وقار به نظر آيد بطوريكه رژيم غذائي منظم مانع از اين مي شد كه چاقي وي را آزار دهد .او پيشاني بلند چهره اي دل گشا و تبسمي محجوب بر لب داشت .او لباسهايش را از پاريس البته نه از آن دوزندگان مد گرا, بلكه از زن جوانی در گوشه خيابان خريداري مي كرد ,با اين حال هيچگاه موفق نشد چيزي غير از انگليسي بودن به نظر آيد
اصول و روش ترجمه(Meaning based translation)
اصول و روش ترجمه Mildred L. Larson
Chapter 12
اصول و روش ترجمه(Meaning based translation)
اصول و روش ترجمه Mildred L. Larson
Chapter 11
Figurative senses of lexical items
Figurative senses of lexical items :
Metonymy is association between two words, for example instead of saying: The water is boiling “The kettle is boiling”.
Association can be temporal “We are waiting for this day [Independent Day]” or logical “Moses is read everyday”. Synecdoche is part_whole relationship: using roof instead of house.
اصول و روش ترجمه Mildred L. Larson
Chapter 10
اصول و روش ترجمه(Meaning based translation)
اصول و روش ترجمه Mildred L. Larson
Chapter 9
اصول و روش ترجمه(Meaning based translation)
اصول و روش ترجمه Mildred L. Larson
Chapter 8
اصول و روش ترجمه(Meaning based translation)
اصول و روش ترجمه Mildred L. Larson
Chapter 7
Some relationships between lexical items
Generic term is a class word, the meaning of which is founded in two or more different words which are specific: “animal” is generic and “sheep” is specific .
Some words may occur in several levels, like “man” which is generic and specific. Generic word used in translation. “Wolf” can be translated animal (generic) and descriptive phrase (wild). Substitute word refers to word already introduced to the context, like car for Plymouth and thing for car.
اصول و روش ترجمه(Meaning based translation)
اصول و روش ترجمه Mildred L. Larson
Chapter 6
Words as Bundles of meaning
Word is bundle of meaning components . The translator needs to be able to analyze the lexical items ; to unpack words in order to show meaning. Concept is represented by word, morpheme, idiomatic expression, or by tone or by word order. Concepts are identified on the principle of contrast and comparison with in system of language. Reality is conceptualized differently in different communities.
اصول و روش ترجمه(Meaning based translation)
اصول و روش ترجمه Mildred L. Larson
Chapter 5
Steps in a translation project
Steps in translation summarized under four T`s , the text the target , the team , and the tools. The text refers to the source language document which must be translated .The desirability of translating a particular text must be determined. Most often the reason for translation is to communicate certain information or share the enjoyment of the source text .The target refers to the audience. The form of the translation will be affected by question of dialect, education level, age bilingualism, and people`s attitudes towards their language .Will translation be used in school, in business, or read in church and at home ? The question of alphabet is important team refers to people who involved in the project.The team includes (1) co-translators, specialist in receptor language or (2) translator with capability to handle source language and receptor language matter and an advisor or consultant (3) a committee working together with specific responsibilities delegated to each one .
اصول و روش ترجمه(Meaning based translation)
اصول و روش ترجمه Mildred L. Larson
هدف از اين درس ارائه متن درس براي شيوه‌هاي مورد استفاده در ترجمه است. به اين منظور فرآيندهاي معمول در ترجمه مورد بررسي قرار گرفته‌اند. اين متن درسي براي رشته مترجمي به عنوان درس تخصصي در سطح دانشگاهي تهيه شده است. اين كتاب شامل مثالهايي از انواع زبانها بويژه زبانهاي آسيايي، آفريقايي در زمينة معني‌شناسي واجها، همايي، گزارها، تشبيه و استعاره است
اصول و روش ترجمه(Meaning based translation)
Chapter 4
Implicit meaning
Kinds of meaning: people usually think of meaning as something that a word or sentence refers to for example the word apple refers to a fruit. This kind of meaning is called referential meaning because the word refers to a certain things, events, attribution, or relation which a person can perceive or imagine. A sentence has meaning because it refers to something that happened, or may happen, or is imagined as happening. Referential meaning is what the communication is about. As referential meaning packaged into larger and larger units there is organizational meaning in the discourse, which must also be taken into account in the translation. Certain information may be old information, some new; certain information may be the topic of the discourse, other information commenting on the topic, and some information may be more central to the message; that is more important. It is the organizational meaning that puts the referential information together into a coherent text.
اصول و روش ترجمه(Meaning based translation)
Chapter 3
The semantic structure of language
There is a distinction between deep (semantic) structure and the surface structure (grammatical, lexical, phonological) structure of language.Semantic structure is more nearly universal than grammatical structure. All languages have meaning components which can be classified as things, Events, Attributes or Relations for example. Semantic propositions occur in all languages. They consist of concepts related to one another with an Event, Thing, or Attribute as the central concept. For example in the sentence: “John hits the ball” John is agent, ball is affected and hits is activity. In semantic structure ordering is chornological.
اصول و روش ترجمه(Meaning based translation)
Chapter 2
Kind of translation
There are two main kinds of translation: one is form-based and the other is meaning based. Form based translation attempts to follow the form. of the source language and are known as literal translations. Meaning based translation makes every effort to communicate the meaning of the source language text in the natural form. In modified literal translation translator modifies the order and grammar to use acceptable sentence structure in the receptor language. But lexical items are translated literally. Literal translations of words, idioms, figures of speech, etc, result in unclear, unnatural, and some times nonsensical translations.
اصول و روش ترجمه(Meaning based translation)
Chapter 1
form and meaning
Translation, by dictionary, consists of changing from one state or form to another, to turn into one’s or another’s language. Translation is basically a change of form. When we speak of the form of language, we are referring to the actual words, phrases, clauses, sentences, paragraphs.These forms are referred to as the surface structure of a language. The purpose of this text is to show that translation consists of translating the meaning of the source language into the receptor language. This is done by going from the form of the first language to the form of a second language by way of semantic structure It is the meaning which is being transferred and must be held constant. Translation consists of studying the lexicon, grammatical structure communication situation, and cultural context of source language text, analyzing it in order to determine its meaning and then reconstructing this same meaning using the lexicon and grammatical structure which are appropriate in the receptor language.
Translation from English part 1
سرانجام خانه را ديديم. يك خانه سفيد و مربعي شكل كه نسبت به ارتفاعش زيادي پهن بود و در وسط پشت بام يك گنبد مضحك كوچك داشت كه شبيه كلاه يك دلقك به نظر مي رسيد. آقاي راندل گفت: به چهار طبقه مسخره خوش آمديد. همه گفتند چي چي؟ راننده تاكسي نتوانست جلوي خنده اش را بگيرد.