درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

ترجمه فارسی drunkard

وقتي آقاي دولي مرد ضربه ي سختي به پدر وارد شد. آقاي دولي يك بازارياب بود با دوتا پسر در دومينكنز[1] و ماشيني مال خودش ؛ پس از لحاظ اجتماعي به مراتب بالاتر از ما بود ، ولي اصلاً خودش را نمي گرفت. آقاي دولي يك روشنفكر بود و مثل همه روشنفكرها هيچ چيز بيش تر از حرف زدن خوشحالش نمي كرد. پدر هم براي خودش مرد بامطالعه اي بود و مي توانست حرف هاي يك آدم مطلع را بفهمد. آقاي دولي فوق العاده مطلع بود. با آن همه آشنا در تجارت و رفقاي كشيش، چيزي نبود كه درشهر اتفاق بيافتد و او از آن بي خبر باشد. غروب تا غروب از جاده مي گذشت و جلوي در حياطمان سبز می شد

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بيان شفاهي داستان( oral reproduction of stories)

بيان شفاهي داستان( oral reproduction of stories)

Jude the obscure

Summary and analysis

Jude Fawley dreams of studying at the university in Christminster, but his background as an orphan raised by his working-class aunt leads him instead into a career as a stonemason. He is inspired by the ambitions of the town schoolmaster, Richard Phillotson, who left for Christminster when Jude was a child. However, Jude falls in love with a young woman named Arabella, is tricked into marrying her, and cannot leave his home village. When their marriage goes sour and Arabella moves to Australia, Jude resolves to go to Christminster at last. However, he finds that his attempts to enroll at the university are met with little enthusiasm.

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بيان شفاهي داستان( oral reproduction of stories)

بيان شفاهي داستان( oral reproduction of stories)

Silas Marner

Summary and analysis

Silas Marner, a weaver, is an eager and promising young member of a Puritan religious community, Lantern Yard. Marner's supposed best friend, Willam Dane, frames him for the theft of a pouch of coins. Marner suffers from cataleptic fits which leave him as insensible as stone and vulnerable to Dane's frame-up. The community of Lantern Yard draws lots to determine Marner's guilt or innocence in the crime. After the lots proclaim Marner guilty, he flees from Lantern Yard, utterly crushed, leaving behind his faith in God and in humankind.

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بيان شفاهي داستان( oral reproduction of stories)

بيان شفاهي داستان( oral reproduction of stories)

The Scarlet Letter

Summary and analysis

The Scarlet Letter follows the public shaming and punishment of a young woman named Hester Prynne in mid-17th century Boston (a.k.a. the Massachusetts Bay Colony). When Hester becomes pregnant, everyone believes her to be guilty of adultery: she has been separated from her husband for two full years, and the baby cannot be his. The magistrates (local law enforcers) and ministers order her to wear a scarlet letter "A" on the bodice of her dress, so that everyone can know about her adultery.

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درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

Roman fever

Summary and analysis

.......From the terrace of a Roman restaurant, two middle-aged women gaze down on the splendor of Rome and its ancient ruins. The narrator describes one of the women as small and pale and the other “fuller” and “higher in color.” On the stairway leading to a courtyard below, two young girls hasten off to an adventure. The women overhear one of them saying, “Well, come along, then, and let’s leave the young things to their knitting.”

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درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

Roman fever text

1

From the table at which they had been lunching two American ladies of ripe but well-cared-for middle age moved across the lofty terrace of the Roman restaurant and, leaning on its parapet, looked first at each other, and then down on the outspread glories of the Palatine and the Forum, with the same expression of vague but benevolent approval.

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درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

Paul’s case

Summary, analysis and ……

plot

Paul has been suspended from his high school in Pittsburgh. As the story opens, he arrives at a meeting with the school’s faculty members and principal. He is dressed in clothes that are simultaneously shabby and debonair. The red carnation he wears in his buttonhole particularly offends the faculty members, who think the flower sums up Paul’s flippant attitude. Paul is tall and narrow-shouldered, with enlarged pupils that remind one of a drug addict’s eyes.

 

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درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

Paul’s case text

1

It was Paul's afternoon to appear before the faculty of the Pittsburgh High School to account for his various misdemeanours. He had been suspended a week ago, and his father had called at the Principal's office and confessed his perplexity about his son. Paul entered the faculty room suave and smiling. His clothes were a trifle out-grown, and the tan velvet on the collar of his

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درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

Good Country People"

Summary and analysis

The story begins with a description of Mrs. Freeman, specifically concerning her interactions with Mrs. Hopewell. She has been working for Mrs. Hopewell for four years, and the two women often converse over breakfast in the Hopewell’s kitchen. Mrs. Hopewell considers Mrs. Freeman to be extremely nosy, but she knew that before she hired her and has dealt with this problem by

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درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

Good Country People character analysis

The short story, “Good Country People”, written by Flannery O’Connor, is a story that captivates one by usage of symbolism and theme.  The story centers on the meaning of being a good person, in the sense of leading a Christian, pious life, worthy of salvation.  O’Connor contrasts mindless chatter about “good country people” with questions about the true meaning of religious faith.  There is also a class hierarchy formed that includes stereotypes about “good country

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درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

Read more about "Good Country People"

Hulga Hopewell of "Good Country People" is a unique character in O'Connor's fictional world. Although O'Connor uses the intellectual, or the pseudo-intellectual, in one of her novels and in seven of her short stories, Hulga is the only female in the bunch. Her gender, however, does not keep her from suffering the common fate of all the other O'Connor intellectuals. In every instance, the intellectual comes to realize that his belief in his ability to control his life totally, as well as control those things which influence it, is a faulty belief.

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درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

Good Country People text

Besides the neutral expression that she wore when she was alone, Mrs. Freeman had two others, forward and reverse, that she used for all her human dealings. Her forward expression was steady and driving like the advance of a heavy truck. Her eyes never swerved to left or right but turned as the story turned as if they followed a yellow line down the center of it. She seldom

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درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

The lesson

Summary and analysis

“The Lesson” is a complex, layered story of a girl’s awakening to the unfair
circumstances she was born into under the guise of a simple story about a group of
children and a neighborhood woman taking a trip to a toy store. The theme of “The
Lesson”, by Toni Cade Bambara, is analyzing the intense effects of socioeconomic class
differences in America, and the hidden way a woman who rose above the prevailing

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درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

The Lesson text

Toni Cade Bambara (1939-1995)

Back in the days when everyone was old and stupid or young and foolish and me and Sugar were the only ones just right, this lady moved on our block with nappy hair and proper speech and no makeup. And quite naturally we laughed at her, laughed the way we did at the junk man who went about his business like he was some big-time president and his sorry-ass horse his

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درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

Interpreter of Maladies

Summary, analysis and……

Plot Overview

The Das family is in India on vacation, and Mr. Das has hired Mr. Kapasi to drive them to visit the Sun Temple. The family sits in the car, which is stopped near a tea stall. Mr. and Mrs. Das are arguing about who should take their daughter, Tina, to the bathroom, and Mrs. Das ultimately

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درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

Hunters in the Snow

Summary and analysis

Wolff’s story exemplifies the complex art of characterization in its portrayal of three men, their shifting alliances, and their Darwinian power struggle in the snowy wilderness of Washington State. Initially the obese Tub appears as a figure of fun and a “butt” (as his name spelled backwards implies) of jokes: empowered in their truck while Tub stands helpless in the snow, his “friends” Kenny and Frank, picking up Tub an hour late for the hunting trip, harass him by

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درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

Hunters in the snow text

Tub had been waiting for an hour in the falling snow. He paced the sidewalk to keep warm and stuck his head out over the curb whenever he saw lights approaching. One driver stopped for him but before Tub could wave the man on he saw the rifle on Tub's back and hit the gas. The tires spun on the ice. The fall of snow thickened. Tub stood below the overhang of a building. Across the road the clouds whitened just above the rooftops, and the street lights went out. He shifted the rifle strap to his other shoulder. The whiteness seeped up the sky.

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درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

Point of View

An automobile accident occurs. Two drivers are involved. Witnesses include four sidewalk spectators, a policeman, a man with a video camera who happened to be shooting the scene, and the pilot of a helicopter that was flying overhead. Here we have nine different points of view and, most likely, nine different descriptions of the accident

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درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

Theme

What exactly is this elusive thing called theme?

The theme of a fable is its moral. The theme of a parable is its teaching. The theme of a piece of fiction is its view about life and how people behave.

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درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

Setting

Eudora Welty said, "Every story would be another story, and unrecognizable if it took up its characters and plot and happened somewhere else... Fiction depends for its life on place. Place is the crossroads of circumstance, the proving ground of, What happened? Who's here? Who's coming?..."

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درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

درآمدی بر ادبیات (PERRINES’s literature: structure, sound and sense fiction)

Characters

Memorable characters come alive for us while we read. They live on the page and in our hearts and minds. We cannot forget them. Yet, they are fictional; they don't really exist.

Be alert to characters in the same way you are when you meet someone. Observe their actions.

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بررسي مقابله اي ساخت جمله فارسي و انگليسي

بررسي مقابله اي ساخت جمله فارسي و انگليسي

UNIT EIGHT
Contrasting Grammatical Structures

TWO – PLACE PREDICATORS

Explanation of Less Familiar Terms and Concepts

Experiencer, Stimulus and Psychological Verbs

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بررسي مقابله اي ساخت جمله فارسي و انگليسي

بررسي مقابله اي ساخت جمله فارسي و انگليسي

UNIT SEVEN
Contrasting Grammatical Structures

ONE – PLACE PREDICATORS

Explanation of Less Familiar Terms and Concepts

Collocation: Habitual co-occurrence of individual vocabulary items.

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بررسي مقابله اي ساخت جمله فارسي و انگليسي

بررسي مقابله اي ساخت جمله فارسي و انگليسي

UNIT SIX

Contrasting Grammatical Structures

ZERO – PLACE PREDICATORS

6.0. Patterns

1. Predicator denotes some point or period in time (an NP in English and Persian)

     The sentence usually answers questions like, What time is it? or When was it?

EP1.               Pro-Subj              BE           Pt (Np)

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