اصول و روش ترجمه(Meaning based translation)
اصول و روش ترجمه(Meaning based translation)
اصول و روش ترجمه Mildred L. Larson
Chapter 5
Steps in a translation project
Steps in translation summarized under four T`s , the text the target , the team , and the tools. The text refers to the source language document which must be translated .The desirability of translating a particular text must be determined. Most often the reason for translation is to communicate certain information or share the enjoyment of the source text .The target refers to the audience. The form of the translation will be affected by question of dialect, education level, age bilingualism, and people`s attitudes towards their language .Will translation be used in school, in business, or read in church and at home ? The question of alphabet is important team refers to people who involved in the project.The team includes (1) co-translators, specialist in receptor language or (2) translator with capability to handle source language and receptor language matter and an advisor or consultant (3) a committee working together with specific responsibilities delegated to each one . The team may include the translators a consultant , testers , reviewers and technical people to do typing and proof reading . Tools refer to written source material which used by translators as helps . These include dictionaries lexicon , grammar , cultural descriptions , etc . of both source language and receptor language which are available .Exegesis used to refer to process of discovering meaning of the source language text which to be translated . It is the step which includes the preparation and analysis of text .Translator must begin by reading text several times , then by reading other materials that help in understanding the culture of text . The analysis of the source text includes some aspects.The process of analysis include resolving ambiguity, identifying implicit information, studying key words, interpreting figurative senses recognizing when words are being used in a secondary senses .After analysis, the translator begins drafting piece by piece, section by section. The transfer results in the initial draft which can be made by two processes. Some translator prefer rough translation making the material flows naturally. Then they go back tighten up details to be sure there is no wrong information, and no omission or addition. Others prefer to prepare a proposition _ like semantic draft being sure all information is accounted for and then reward it for naturalness, reword it in idiomatic form of receptor language .The process of translation is accuracy, clearness and naturalness. The questions to be answered are
(1) does translation communicate same meaning as source language?
(2) does audience understand it clearly?
(3) Is translation easy and natural to read?
Help for evaluation must be mother _ tongue speaker of receptor language and check for no addition, deletion or change of information. Some matters may need special testing before final draft. If publication is to include pictures, these will need evaluation. If special size of print is required it must be tested.